PWM — Pulse width modulation

The PWM module enables the generation of pulse width modulated signals on GPIO. The module implements an up or up-and-down counter with four PWM channels that drive assigned GPIOs.

Three PWM modules can provide up to 12 PWM channels with individual frequency control in groups of up to four channels. Furthermore, a built-in decoder and EasyDMA capabilities make it possible to manipulate the PWM duty cycles without CPU intervention. Arbitrary duty-cycle sequences are read from Data RAM and can be chained to implement ping-pong buffering or repeated into complex loops.

Listed here are the main features of one PWM module:

Figure 1. PWM Module

Wave counter

The wave counter is responsible for generating the pulses at a duty-cycle that depends on the compare values, and at a frequency that depends on COUNTERTOP.

There is one common 15-bit counter with four compare channels. Thus, all four channels will share the same period (PWM frequency), but can have individual duty-cycle and polarity. The polarity is set by the value read from RAM (see Figure 4), while the MODE register controls if the counter counts up, or up and down. The timer top value is controlled by the COUNTERTOP register. This register value in conjunction with the selected PRESCALER of the PWM_CLK will result in a given PWM period. A COUNTERTOP value smaller than the compare setting will result in a state where no PWM edges are generated. Respectively, OUT[n] is held high, given that the polarity is set to FallingEdge. All the compare registers are internal and can only be configured through the decoder presented later.

COUNTERTOP can be safely written at any time. It will get sampled following a START task. If DECODER.LOAD is anything else than WaveForm, it will also get sampled following a STARTSEQ[n] task, and when loading a new value from RAM during a sequence playback. If DECODER.LOAD=WaveForm, the register value is ignored, and taken from RAM instead (see Decoder with EasyDMA below).

Figure 2 shows the counter operating in up (MODE=PWM_MODE_Up) mode with three PWM channels with the same frequency but different duty cycle. The counter is automatically reset to zero when COUNTERTOP is reached and OUT[n] will invert. OUT[n] is held low if the compare value is 0 and held high respectively if set to COUNTERTOP given that the polarity is set to FallingEdge. Running in up counter mode will result in pulse widths that are edge-aligned. See the code example below:

uint16_t pwm_seq[4] = {PWM_CH0_DUTY, PWM_CH1_DUTY, PWM_CH2_DUTY, PWM_CH3_DUTY};
NRF_PWM0->PSEL.OUT[0] = (first_pin << PWM_PSEL_OUT_PIN_Pos) | 
                        (PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Connected <<
                                                 PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->PSEL.OUT[1] = (second_pin << PWM_PSEL_OUT_PIN_Pos) | 
                        (PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Connected <<
                                                 PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->ENABLE      = (PWM_ENABLE_ENABLE_Enabled << PWM_ENABLE_ENABLE_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->MODE        = (PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Up << PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->PRESCALER   = (PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_DIV_1 <<
                                                 PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->COUNTERTOP  = (16000 << PWM_COUNTERTOP_COUNTERTOP_Pos); //1 msec
NRF_PWM0->LOOP        = (PWM_LOOP_CNT_Disabled << PWM_LOOP_CNT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->DECODER   = (PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Individual << PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Pos) | 
                      (PWM_DECODER_MODE_RefreshCount << PWM_DECODER_MODE_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].PTR  = ((uint32_t)(pwm_seq) << PWM_SEQ_PTR_PTR_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].CNT  = ((sizeof(pwm_seq) / sizeof(uint16_t)) <<
                                                 PWM_SEQ_CNT_CNT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].REFRESH  = 0;
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].ENDDELAY = 0;
NRF_PWM0->TASKS_SEQSTART[0] = 1;
   
  
Figure 2. PWM up counter example - FallingEdge polarity

In up counting mode, the following formula can be used to compute PWM period and step size:

PWM period: TPWM(Up)= TPWM_CLK * COUNTERTOP

Step width/Resolution: Tsteps= TPWM_CLK

Figure 3 shows the counter operating in up and down mode with (MODE=PWM_MODE_UpAndDown) two PWM channels with the same frequency but different duty cycle and output polarity. The counter starts decrementing to zero when COUNTERTOP is reached and will invert the OUT[n] when compare value is hit for the second time. This results in a set of pulses that are center- aligned.

uint16_t pwm_seq[4] = {PWM_CH0_DUTY, PWM_CH1_DUTY, PWM_CH2_DUTY, PWM_CH3_DUTY};
NRF_PWM0->PSEL.OUT[0] = (first_pin << PWM_PSEL_OUT_PIN_Pos) | 
                        (PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Connected <<
                                                 PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->PSEL.OUT[1] = (second_pin << PWM_PSEL_OUT_PIN_Pos) | 
                        (PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Connected <<
                                                 PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->ENABLE      = (PWM_ENABLE_ENABLE_Enabled << PWM_ENABLE_ENABLE_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->MODE        = (PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_UpAndDown << PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->PRESCALER   = (PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_DIV_1 <<
                                                 PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->COUNTERTOP  = (16000 << PWM_COUNTERTOP_COUNTERTOP_Pos); //1 msec
NRF_PWM0->LOOP        = (PWM_LOOP_CNT_Disabled << PWM_LOOP_CNT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->DECODER   = (PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Individual << PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Pos) | 
                      (PWM_DECODER_MODE_RefreshCount << PWM_DECODER_MODE_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].PTR  = ((uint32_t)(pwm_seq) << PWM_SEQ_PTR_PTR_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].CNT  = ((sizeof(pwm_seq) / sizeof(uint16_t)) <<
                                                 PWM_SEQ_CNT_CNT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].REFRESH  = 0;
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].ENDDELAY = 0;
NRF_PWM0->TASKS_SEQSTART[0] = 1;
   
  
Figure 3. PWM up-and-down counter example

In up-and-down counting modes, the following formula can be used to compute PWM period and step size: TPWM(Up And Down) = TPWM_CLK * 2 * COUNTERTOP

Step width/Resolution: Tsteps = TPWM_CLK * 2

Decoder with EasyDMA

The decoder uses EasyDMA to take PWM parameters stored in Data RAM by ways of EasyDMA and updates the internal compare registers of the wave counter based on the mode of operation.

The mentioned PWM parameters are organized into a sequence containing at least one half word (16 bit). Its most significant bit[15] denotes the polarity of the OUT[n] while bit[14:0] is the 15-bit compare value. See below for further details of these RAM defined registers.

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                 B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

COMPARE

   

Duty cycle setting - value loaded to internal compare register

B RW

POLARITY

   

Edge polarity of GPIO.

     

RisingEdge

0

First edge within the PWM period is rising

     

FallingEdge

1

First edge within the PWM period is falling

 

The DECODER register controls how the RAM content is interpreted and loaded to the internal compare registers. The LOAD field can be used to control if the RAM values are loaded to all compare channels - or alternatively to update a group or all channels with individual values. Figure 4 illustrates how the parameters stored in RAM are organized and routed to the various compare channels in the different modes.

A special mode of operation is available when DECODER.LOAD is set to WaveForm. In this mode, up to three PWM channels can be enabled - OUT[0] to OUT[2]. In RAM, four values are loaded at a time: the first, second and third location are used to load the values, and the fourth RAM location is used to load the COUNTERTOP register. This way one can have up to three PWM channels with a frequency base that changes on a per PWM period basis. This mode of operation is useful for arbitrary wave form generation in applications such as LED lighting.

The register SEQ[n].REFRESH=N (one per sequence n=0 or 1) will instruct a new RAM stored pulse width value on every (N+1)th PWM period. Setting the register to zero will result in a new duty cycle update every PWM period as long as the minimum PWM period is observed.

Note that registers SEQ[n].REFRESH and SEQ[n].ENDDELAY are ignored when DECODER.MODE=NextStep . The next value is loaded upon receiving every NEXTSTEP task.

Figure 4. Decoder memory access modes

SEQ[n].PTR is the pointer used to fetch COMPARE values from RAM. If the SEQ[n].PTR is not pointing to the Data RAM region, an EasyDMA transfer may result in a HardFault or RAM corruption. See Memory for more information about the different memory regions.

After the SEQ[n].PTR is set to the desired RAM location, the SEQ[n].CNT register must be set to the number of 16-bit half words in the sequence. It is important to observe that the Grouped and Single modes require one half word per group or one half word per channel respectively, and thus increases RAM size occupation. If PWM generation was not running yet at that point, sending the SEQSTART[n] task will load the first value from RAM, then start the PWM generation. A SEQSTARTED[n] event is generated as soon as the EasyDMA has read the first PWM parameter from RAM and the wave counter has started executing it. When LOOP.CNT=0, sequence n=0 or 1 is played back once. After the last value in the sequence has been loaded and started executing, a SEQEND[n] event is generated. The PWM generation will then continue with the last loaded value. See Figure 5 for an example of such simple playback.

To completely stop the PWM generation and force the associated pins to a defined state, a STOP task can be fired at any time. A STOPPED event is generated when the PWM generation has stopped at the end of currently running PWM period, and the pins go into their idle state as defined in GPIO->OUT. PWM generation can then only be restarted through a SEQSTART[n] task. SEQSTART[n] will resume PWM generation after having loaded the first value from the RAM buffer defined in the SEQ[n].PTR register.

The table below provides indication of when specific registers get sampled by the hardware. Care should be taken when updating these registers to avoid values to be applied earlier than expected.

Table 1. When to safely update PWM registers
Register Taken into account by hardware Recommended (safe) update
SEQ[n].PTR When sending the SEQSTART[n] task After having received the SEQSTARTED[n] event
SEQ[n].CNT When sending the SEQSTART[n] task After having received the SEQSTARTED[n] event
SEQ[0].ENDDELAY

When sending the SEQSTART[0] task

Every time a new value from sequence [0] has been loaded from RAM and gets applied to the Wave Counter (indicated by the PWMPERIODEND event)

Before starting sequence [0] through a SEQSTART[0] task

When no more value from sequence [0] gets loaded from RAM (indicated by the SEQEND[0] event)

At any time during sequence [1] (which starts when the SEQSTARTED[1] event is fired)

SEQ[1].ENDDELAY

When sending the SEQSTART[1] task

Every time a new value from sequence [1] has been loaded from RAM and gets applied to the Wave Counter (indicated by the PWMPERIODEND event)

Before starting sequence [1] through a SEQSTART[1] task

When no more value from sequence [1] gets loaded from RAM (indicated by the SEQEND[1] event)

At any time during sequence [0] (which starts when the SEQSTARTED[0] event is fired)

SEQ[0].REFRESH

When sending the SEQSTART[0] task

Every time a new value from sequence [0] has been loaded from RAM and gets applied to the Wave Counter (indicated by the PWMPERIODEND event)

Before starting sequence [0] through a SEQSTART[0] task

At any time during sequence [1] (which starts when the SEQSTARTED[1] event is fired)

SEQ[1].REFRESH

When sending the SEQSTART[1] task

Every time a new value from sequence [1] has been loaded from RAM and gets applied to the Wave Counter (indicated by the PWMPERIODEND event)

Before starting sequence [1] through a SEQSTART[1] task

At any time during sequence [0] (which starts when the SEQSTARTED[0] event is fired)

COUNTERTOP

In DECODER.LOAD=WaveForm: this register is ignored.

In all other LOAD modes: at the end of current PWM period (indicated by the PWMPERIODEND event)

Before starting PWM generation through a SEQSTART[n] task

After a STOP task has been issued, and the STOPPED event has been received.

MODE Immediately

Before starting PWM generation through a SEQSTART[n] task

After a STOP task has been issued, and the STOPPED event has been received.

DECODER Immediately

Before starting PWM generation through a SEQSTART[n] task

After a STOP task has been issued, and the STOPPED event has been received.

PRESCALER Immediately

Before starting PWM generation through a SEQSTART[n] task

After a STOP task has been issued, and the STOPPED event has been received.

LOOP Immediately

Before starting PWM generation through a SEQSTART[n] task

After a STOP task has been issued, and the STOPPED event has been received.

PSEL.OUT[n] Immediately Before enabling the PWM instance through the ENABLE register
Important: SEQ[n].REFRESH and SEQ[n].ENDDELAY are ignored at the end of a complex sequence, indicated by a LOOPSDONE event. The reason for this is that the last value loaded from RAM is maintained until further action from software (restarting a new sequence, or stopping PWM generation).
Figure 5 depicts the source code used for configuration and timing details in a sequence where only sequence 0 is used and only run once with a new PWM duty cycle for each period.
    
NRF_PWM0->PSEL.OUT[0] = (first_pin << PWM_PSEL_OUT_PIN_Pos) | 
                        (PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Connected <<
                                                 PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->ENABLE      = (PWM_ENABLE_ENABLE_Enabled << PWM_ENABLE_ENABLE_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->MODE        = (PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Up << PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->PRESCALER   = (PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_DIV_1 <<
                                                 PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->COUNTERTOP  = (16000 << PWM_COUNTERTOP_COUNTERTOP_Pos); //1 msec
NRF_PWM0->LOOP        = (PWM_LOOP_CNT_Disabled << PWM_LOOP_CNT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->DECODER   = (PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Common << PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Pos) | 
                      (PWM_DECODER_MODE_RefreshCount << PWM_DECODER_MODE_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].PTR  = ((uint32_t)(seq0_ram) << PWM_SEQ_PTR_PTR_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].CNT  = ((sizeof(seq0_ram) / sizeof(uint16_t)) <<
                                                 PWM_SEQ_CNT_CNT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].REFRESH  = 0;
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].ENDDELAY = 0;
NRF_PWM0->TASKS_SEQSTART[0] = 1;
    
   
Figure 5. Simple sequence example

A more complex example is shown in Figure 6, where LOOP.CNT>0 . In this case, an automated playback takes place, consisting of SEQ[0], delay 0, SEQ[1], delay 1, then again SEQ[0], etc. The user can choose to start a complex playback with SEQ[0] or SEQ[1] through sending the SEQSTART[0] or SEQSTART[1] task.

The complex playback always ends with delay 1.

The two sequences 0 and 1 are defined with address of values tables in Data RAM (pointed by SEQ[n].PTR) and respective buffer size (SEQ[n].CNT). The rate at which a new value is loaded is defined individually for each sequence by SEQ[n].REFRESH . The chaining of sequence 1 following sequence 0 is implicit, the LOOP.CNT register allows the chaining of sequence 1 to sequence 0 for a determined number of times. In other words, it allows to repeat a complex sequence a number of times in a fully automated way.

In the example below, sequence 0 is defined with SEQ[0].REFRESH set to one - that means that a new PWM duty cycle is pushed every second PWM period. This complex sequence is started with the SEQSTART[0] task, so SEQ[0] is played first. Since SEQ[0].ENDDELAY=1 there will be one PWM period delay between last period on sequence 0 and the first period on sequence 1. Since SEQ[1].ENDDELAY=0 there is no delay 1, so SEQ[0] would be started immediately after the end of SEQ[1]. However, as LOOP.CNT is one, the playback stops after having played only once SEQ[1], and both SEQEND[1] and LOOPSDONE are generated (their order is not guaranteed in this case).
    
NRF_PWM0->PSEL.OUT[0] = (first_pin << PWM_PSEL_OUT_PIN_Pos) | 
                        (PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Connected <<
                                                 PWM_PSEL_OUT_CONNECT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->ENABLE      = (PWM_ENABLE_ENABLE_Enabled << PWM_ENABLE_ENABLE_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->MODE        = (PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Up << PWM_MODE_UPDOWN_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->PRESCALER   = (PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_DIV_1 <<
                                                 PWM_PRESCALER_PRESCALER_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->COUNTERTOP  = (16000 << PWM_COUNTERTOP_COUNTERTOP_Pos); //1 msec
NRF_PWM0->LOOP        = (1 << PWM_LOOP_CNT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->DECODER   = (PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Common << PWM_DECODER_LOAD_Pos) | 
                      (PWM_DECODER_MODE_RefreshCount << PWM_DECODER_MODE_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].PTR  = ((uint32_t)(seq0_ram) << PWM_SEQ_PTR_PTR_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].CNT  = ((sizeof(seq0_ram) / sizeof(uint16_t)) <<
                                                 PWM_SEQ_CNT_CNT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].REFRESH  = 1;
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[0].ENDDELAY = 1;
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[1].PTR  = ((uint32_t)(seq1_ram) << PWM_SEQ_PTR_PTR_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[1].CNT  = ((sizeof(seq1_ram) / sizeof(uint16_t)) <<
                                                 PWM_SEQ_CNT_CNT_Pos);
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[1].REFRESH  = 0;
NRF_PWM0->SEQ[1].ENDDELAY = 0;
NRF_PWM0->TASKS_SEQSTART[0] = 1;
    
   
Figure 6. Example using two sequences

The decoder can also be configured to asynchronously load a new PWM duty cycle. If the DECODER.MODE register is set to NextStep - then the NEXTSTEP task will cause an update of the internal compare registers on the next PWM period.

The figures below provide an overview of each part of an arbitrary sequence, in various modes (LOOP.CNT=0 and LOOP.CNT>0). In particular are represented:
  • Initial and final duty cycle on the PWM output(s)
  • Chaining of SEQ[0] and SEQ[1] if LOOP.CNT>0
  • Influence of registers on the sequence
  • Events fired during a sequence
  • DMA activity (loading of next value and applying it to the output(s))
Note that the single-shot example applies also to SEQ[1], only SEQ[0] is represented for simplicity.
Figure 7. Single shot (LOOP.CNT=0)

Figure 8. Complex sequence (LOOP.CNT>0) starting with SEQ[0]

Figure 9. Complex sequence (LOOP.CNT>0) starting with SEQ[1]

Note that if a sequence is in use in a simple or complex sequence, it must have a length of SEQ[n].CNT > 0 .

Limitations

The previous compare value will be repeated if the PWM period is selected to be shorter than the time it takes for the EasyDMA to fetch from RAM and update the internal compare registers.

This is to ensure a glitch-free operation even if very short PWM periods are chosen.

Pin configuration

The OUT[n] (n=0..3) signals associated to each channel of the PWM module are mapped to physical pins according to the configuration specified in the respective PSEL.OUT[n] registers. If a PSEL.OUT[n].CONNECT is set to Disconnected, the associated PWM module signal will not be connected to any physical pins.

The PSEL.OUT[n] registers and their configurations are only used as long as the PWM module is enabled and PWM generation is active (wave counter started), and retained only as long as the device is in System ON mode, see POWER chapter for more information about power modes.

To ensure correct behaviour in the PWM module, the pins used by the PWM module must be configured in the GPIO peripheral as described in Table 2 before enabling the PWM module. The pins' idle state is defined by the OUT registers in the GPIO module. This is to ensure that the pins used by the PWM module are driven correctly, if PWM generation is stopped through a STOP task, the PWM module itself is temporarily disabled, or the device temporarily enters System OFF. This configuration must be retained in the GPIO for the selected IOs as long as the PWM module is supposed to be connected to an external PWM circuit.

Only one peripheral can be assigned to drive a particular GPIO pin at a time. Failing to do so may result in unpredictable behaviour.

Table 2. Recommended GPIO configuration before starting PWM generation
PWM signal PWM pin Direction Output value Comment
OUT[n] As specified in PSEL.OUT[n] (n=0..3) Output 0 Idle state defined in GPIO->OUT

Registers

Table 3. Instances
Base address Peripheral Instance Description Configuration
0x4001C000 PWM PWM0

Pulse Width Modulation Unit 0

   
0x40021000 PWM PWM1

Pulse Width Modulation Unit 1

   
0x40022000 PWM PWM2

Pulse Width Modulation Unit 2

   
Table 4. Register Overview
Register Offset Description
TASKS_STOP 0x004

Stops PWM pulse generation on all channels at the end of current PWM period, and stops sequence playback

 
TASKS_SEQSTART[0] 0x008

Loads the first PWM value on all enabled channels from sequence 0, and starts playing that sequence at the rate defined in SEQ[0]REFRESH and/or DECODER.MODE. Causes PWM generation to start it was not running.

 
TASKS_SEQSTART[1] 0x00C

Loads the first PWM value on all enabled channels from sequence 1, and starts playing that sequence at the rate defined in SEQ[1]REFRESH and/or DECODER.MODE. Causes PWM generation to start it was not running.

 
TASKS_NEXTSTEP 0x010

Steps by one value in the current sequence on all enabled channels if DECODER.MODE=NextStep. Does not cause PWM generation to start it was not running.

 
EVENTS_STOPPED 0x104

Response to STOP task, emitted when PWM pulses are no longer generated

 
EVENTS_SEQSTARTED[0] 0x108

First PWM period started on sequence 0

 
EVENTS_SEQSTARTED[1] 0x10C

First PWM period started on sequence 1

 
EVENTS_SEQEND[0] 0x110

Emitted at end of every sequence 0, when last value from RAM has been applied to wave counter

 
EVENTS_SEQEND[1] 0x114

Emitted at end of every sequence 1, when last value from RAM has been applied to wave counter

 
EVENTS_PWMPERIODEND 0x118

Emitted at the end of each PWM period

 
EVENTS_LOOPSDONE 0x11C

Concatenated sequences have been played the amount of times defined in LOOP.CNT

 
SHORTS 0x200

Shortcut register

 
INTEN 0x300

Enable or disable interrupt

 
INTENSET 0x304

Enable interrupt

 
INTENCLR 0x308

Disable interrupt

 
ENABLE 0x500

PWM module enable register

 
MODE 0x504

Selects operating mode of the wave counter

 
COUNTERTOP 0x508

Value up to which the pulse generator counter counts

 
PRESCALER 0x50C

Configuration for PWM_CLK

 
DECODER 0x510

Configuration of the decoder

 
LOOP 0x514

Amount of playback of a loop

 
SEQ[0].PTR 0x520

Beginning address in Data RAM of this sequence

 
SEQ[0].CNT 0x524

Amount of values (duty cycles) in this sequence

 
SEQ[0].REFRESH 0x528

Amount of additional PWM periods between samples loaded into compare register

 
SEQ[0].ENDDELAY 0x52C

Time added after the sequence

 
SEQ[1].PTR 0x540

Beginning address in Data RAM of this sequence

 
SEQ[1].CNT 0x544

Amount of values (duty cycles) in this sequence

 
SEQ[1].REFRESH 0x548

Amount of additional PWM periods between samples loaded into compare register

 
SEQ[1].ENDDELAY 0x54C

Time added after the sequence

 
PSEL.OUT[0] 0x560

Output pin select for PWM channel 0

 
PSEL.OUT[1] 0x564

Output pin select for PWM channel 1

 
PSEL.OUT[2] 0x568

Output pin select for PWM channel 2

 
PSEL.OUT[3] 0x56C

Output pin select for PWM channel 3

 

SHORTS

Address offset: 0x200

Shortcut register

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                                     E D C B A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

SEQEND0_STOP

   

Shortcut between SEQEND[0] event and STOP task

See EVENTS_SEQEND[0] and TASKS_STOP

     

Disabled

0

Disable shortcut

     

Enabled

1

Enable shortcut

B RW

SEQEND1_STOP

   

Shortcut between SEQEND[1] event and STOP task

See EVENTS_SEQEND[1] and TASKS_STOP

     

Disabled

0

Disable shortcut

     

Enabled

1

Enable shortcut

C RW

LOOPSDONE_SEQSTART0

   

Shortcut between LOOPSDONE event and SEQSTART[0] task

See EVENTS_LOOPSDONE and TASKS_SEQSTART[0]

     

Disabled

0

Disable shortcut

     

Enabled

1

Enable shortcut

D RW

LOOPSDONE_SEQSTART1

   

Shortcut between LOOPSDONE event and SEQSTART[1] task

See EVENTS_LOOPSDONE and TASKS_SEQSTART[1]

     

Disabled

0

Disable shortcut

     

Enabled

1

Enable shortcut

E RW

LOOPSDONE_STOP

   

Shortcut between LOOPSDONE event and STOP task

See EVENTS_LOOPSDONE and TASKS_STOP

     

Disabled

0

Disable shortcut

     

Enabled

1

Enable shortcut

 

INTEN

Address offset: 0x300

Enable or disable interrupt

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                       H G F E D C B
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
B RW

STOPPED

   

Enable or disable interrupt for STOPPED event

See EVENTS_STOPPED

     

Disabled

0

Disable

     

Enabled

1

Enable

C RW

SEQSTARTED0

   

Enable or disable interrupt for SEQSTARTED[0] event

See EVENTS_SEQSTARTED[0]

     

Disabled

0

Disable

     

Enabled

1

Enable

D RW

SEQSTARTED1

   

Enable or disable interrupt for SEQSTARTED[1] event

See EVENTS_SEQSTARTED[1]

     

Disabled

0

Disable

     

Enabled

1

Enable

E RW

SEQEND0

   

Enable or disable interrupt for SEQEND[0] event

See EVENTS_SEQEND[0]

     

Disabled

0

Disable

     

Enabled

1

Enable

F RW

SEQEND1

   

Enable or disable interrupt for SEQEND[1] event

See EVENTS_SEQEND[1]

     

Disabled

0

Disable

     

Enabled

1

Enable

G RW

PWMPERIODEND

   

Enable or disable interrupt for PWMPERIODEND event

See EVENTS_PWMPERIODEND

     

Disabled

0

Disable

     

Enabled

1

Enable

H RW

LOOPSDONE

   

Enable or disable interrupt for LOOPSDONE event

See EVENTS_LOOPSDONE

     

Disabled

0

Disable

     

Enabled

1

Enable

 

INTENSET

Address offset: 0x304

Enable interrupt

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                       H G F E D C B
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
B RW

STOPPED

   

Write '1' to Enable interrupt for STOPPED event

See EVENTS_STOPPED

     

Set

1

Enable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

C RW

SEQSTARTED0

   

Write '1' to Enable interrupt for SEQSTARTED[0] event

See EVENTS_SEQSTARTED[0]

     

Set

1

Enable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

D RW

SEQSTARTED1

   

Write '1' to Enable interrupt for SEQSTARTED[1] event

See EVENTS_SEQSTARTED[1]

     

Set

1

Enable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

E RW

SEQEND0

   

Write '1' to Enable interrupt for SEQEND[0] event

See EVENTS_SEQEND[0]

     

Set

1

Enable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

F RW

SEQEND1

   

Write '1' to Enable interrupt for SEQEND[1] event

See EVENTS_SEQEND[1]

     

Set

1

Enable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

G RW

PWMPERIODEND

   

Write '1' to Enable interrupt for PWMPERIODEND event

See EVENTS_PWMPERIODEND

     

Set

1

Enable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

H RW

LOOPSDONE

   

Write '1' to Enable interrupt for LOOPSDONE event

See EVENTS_LOOPSDONE

     

Set

1

Enable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

 

INTENCLR

Address offset: 0x308

Disable interrupt

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                       H G F E D C B
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
B RW

STOPPED

   

Write '1' to Disable interrupt for STOPPED event

See EVENTS_STOPPED

     

Clear

1

Disable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

C RW

SEQSTARTED0

   

Write '1' to Disable interrupt for SEQSTARTED[0] event

See EVENTS_SEQSTARTED[0]

     

Clear

1

Disable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

D RW

SEQSTARTED1

   

Write '1' to Disable interrupt for SEQSTARTED[1] event

See EVENTS_SEQSTARTED[1]

     

Clear

1

Disable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

E RW

SEQEND0

   

Write '1' to Disable interrupt for SEQEND[0] event

See EVENTS_SEQEND[0]

     

Clear

1

Disable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

F RW

SEQEND1

   

Write '1' to Disable interrupt for SEQEND[1] event

See EVENTS_SEQEND[1]

     

Clear

1

Disable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

G RW

PWMPERIODEND

   

Write '1' to Disable interrupt for PWMPERIODEND event

See EVENTS_PWMPERIODEND

     

Clear

1

Disable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

H RW

LOOPSDONE

   

Write '1' to Disable interrupt for LOOPSDONE event

See EVENTS_LOOPSDONE

     

Clear

1

Disable

     

Disabled

0

Read: Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Read: Enabled

 

ENABLE

Address offset: 0x500

PWM module enable register

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                                               A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

ENABLE

   

Enable or disable PWM module

     

Disabled

0

Disabled

     

Enabled

1

Enable

 

MODE

Address offset: 0x504

Selects operating mode of the wave counter

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                                               A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

UPDOWN

   

Selects up or up and down as wave counter mode

     

Up

0

Up counter - edge aligned PWM duty-cycle

     

UpAndDown

1

Up and down counter - center aligned PWM duty cycle

 

COUNTERTOP

Address offset: 0x508

Value up to which the pulse generator counter counts

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                   A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x000003FF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

COUNTERTOP

 

[3..32767]

Value up to which the pulse generator counter counts. This register is ignored when DECODER.MODE=WaveForm and only values from RAM will be used.

 

PRESCALER

Address offset: 0x50C

Configuration for PWM_CLK

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                                           A A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

PRESCALER

   

Pre-scaler of PWM_CLK

     

DIV_1

0

Divide by 1 (16MHz)

     

DIV_2

1

Divide by 2 ( 8MHz)

     

DIV_4

2

Divide by 4 ( 4MHz)

     

DIV_8

3

Divide by 8 ( 2MHz)

     

DIV_16

4

Divide by 16 ( 1MHz)

     

DIV_32

5

Divide by 32 ( 500kHz)

     

DIV_64

6

Divide by 64 ( 250kHz)

     

DIV_128

7

Divide by 128 ( 125kHz)

 

DECODER

Address offset: 0x510

Configuration of the decoder

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                               B             A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

LOAD

   

How a sequence is read from RAM and spread to the compare register

     

Common

0

1st half word (16-bit) used in all PWM channels 0..3

     

Grouped

1

1st half word (16-bit) used in channel 0..1; 2nd word in channel 2..3

     

Individual

2

1st half word (16-bit) in ch.0; 2nd in ch.1; ...; 4th in ch.3

     

WaveForm

3

1st half word (16-bit) in ch.0; 2nd in ch.1; ...; 4th in COUNTERTOP

B RW

MODE

   

Selects source for advancing the active sequence

     

RefreshCount

0

SEQ[n].REFRESH is used to determine loading internal compare registers

     

NextStep

1

NEXTSTEP task causes a new value to be loaded to internal compare registers

 

LOOP

Address offset: 0x514

Amount of playback of a loop

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

CNT

   

Amount of playback of pattern cycles

     

Disabled

0

Looping disabled (stop at the end of the sequence)

 

SEQ[0].PTR

Address offset: 0x520

Beginning address in Data RAM of this sequence

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

PTR

   

Beginning address in Data RAM of this sequence

 

SEQ[0].CNT

Address offset: 0x524

Amount of values (duty cycles) in this sequence

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                   A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

CNT

   

Amount of values (duty cycles) in this sequence

     

Disabled

0

Sequence is disabled, and shall not be started as it is empty

 

SEQ[0].REFRESH

Address offset: 0x528

Amount of additional PWM periods between samples loaded into compare register

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

CNT

   

Amount of additional PWM periods between samples loaded into compare register (load every REFRESH.CNT+1 PWM periods)

     

Continuous

0

Update every PWM period

 

SEQ[0].ENDDELAY

Address offset: 0x52C

Time added after the sequence

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

CNT

   

Time added after the sequence in PWM periods

 

SEQ[1].PTR

Address offset: 0x540

Beginning address in Data RAM of this sequence

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

PTR

   

Beginning address in Data RAM of this sequence

 

SEQ[1].CNT

Address offset: 0x544

Amount of values (duty cycles) in this sequence

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                                   A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

CNT

   

Amount of values (duty cycles) in this sequence

     

Disabled

0

Sequence is disabled, and shall not be started as it is empty

 

SEQ[1].REFRESH

Address offset: 0x548

Amount of additional PWM periods between samples loaded into compare register

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

CNT

   

Amount of additional PWM periods between samples loaded into compare register (load every REFRESH.CNT+1 PWM periods)

     

Continuous

0

Update every PWM period

 

SEQ[1].ENDDELAY

Address offset: 0x54C

Time added after the sequence

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id                 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Reset 0x00000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

CNT

   

Time added after the sequence in PWM periods

 

PSEL.OUT[0]

Address offset: 0x560

Output pin select for PWM channel 0

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id C                                                   A A A A A
Reset 0xFFFFFFFF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

PIN

 

[0..31]

Pin number

C RW

CONNECT

   

Connection

     

Disconnected

1

Disconnect

     

Connected

0

Connect

 

PSEL.OUT[1]

Address offset: 0x564

Output pin select for PWM channel 1

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id C                                                   A A A A A
Reset 0xFFFFFFFF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

PIN

 

[0..31]

Pin number

C RW

CONNECT

   

Connection

     

Disconnected

1

Disconnect

     

Connected

0

Connect

 

PSEL.OUT[2]

Address offset: 0x568

Output pin select for PWM channel 2

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id C                                                   A A A A A
Reset 0xFFFFFFFF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

PIN

 

[0..31]

Pin number

C RW

CONNECT

   

Connection

     

Disconnected

1

Disconnect

     

Connected

0

Connect

 

PSEL.OUT[3]

Address offset: 0x56C

Output pin select for PWM channel 3

Bit number 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Id C                                                   A A A A A
Reset 0xFFFFFFFF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Id RW Field Value Id Value Description
A RW

PIN

 

[0..31]

Pin number

C RW

CONNECT

   

Connection

     

Disconnected

1

Disconnect

     

Connected

0

Connect

 

Electrical specification

PWM Electrical Specification

Symbol Description Min. Typ. Max. Units
IPWM,16MHz

PWM run current, Prescaler set to DIV_1 (16 MHz), excluding DMA and GPIO

200 µA
IPWM,8MHz

PWM run current, Prescaler set to DIV_2 (8 MHz), excluding DMA and GPIO

150 µA
IPWM,125kHz

PWM run current, Prescaler set to DIV_128 (125 kHz), excluding DMA and GPIO

150 µA

Documentation feedback | Developer Zone | Updated 2021-11-08